While changes in cognitive function have been shown to precede motor function decline in some studies, other studies reported that decline in gait speed was a possible predictor of cognitive impairment in healthy individuals. Such interactions between the brain and muscle underlie ongoing research on the association between cognitive and motor function decline. white matter hypersensitivities) are associated with physical frailty, whereas physical exercise promotes brain plasticity and increases hippocampal volume. In addition, cerebral structural changes (e.g. living condition, mood disorder) factors play a role in both cognitive and motor function decline. physical activity level, smoking habit), and psychosocial (e.g. vascular diseases, inflammatory diseases), behavioural (e.g. Instead of running separate trajectories, they are intermingled. Further research is needed to evaluate the performance and variability of the SARC-F score in individuals with poor cognitive function.īoth cognitive and motor function decline contributes to frailty and disability during ageing. However, the SARC-F scale may not have the same predictive value. Primary healthcare providers may use handgrip strength to track cognitive function decline in older adults with multimorbidity. Variation in the SARC-F score increased with decreasing HK-MoCA score (Brown–Forsythe test F statistic = 17.9, p < 0.001), while variability in the handgrip strength remained small (modified signed-likelihood ratio test, p < 0.001). Cox regression revealed a longitudinal association between baseline handgrip strength and cognitive impairment at 1 year (hazard ratio: 0.48, 95% CI 0.33–0.69) but no longitudinal association between SARC-F and cognitive impairment. Multivariable linear regression models showed bidirectional cross-sectional associations of the HK-MoCA score and cognitive impairment with SARC-F score and handgrip strength at baseline and 1 year. We included 477 participants (mean age 69.4, 68.6% female) with a mean (SD) HK-MoCA score of 25.5 (3.38), SARC-F score of 1.1 (1.36), and handgrip strength of 21.2 (6.99) kg at baseline. The associations between cognitive and motor functions were examined from a bidirectional perspective.
We defined cognitive impairment as an HK-MoCA score < 22. Cognitive function was measured using the Hong Kong Montreal Cognitive Assessment (HK-MoCA). Motor function was assessed using handgrip strength and a sarcopenia screening scale (SARC-F). Patients aged ≥60 years with ≥2 morbidities were recruited from four primary care clinics. We conducted a prospective cohort study with a 1 year follow-up. We analysed the associations between cognitive and motor function and assessed the predictive value of two motor function measuring tools for cognitive impairment in older adults with multimorbidity in primary care settings. Assessing motor function is a simple way to track cognitive impairment.
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